Gatsbys Life Tragedy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1500 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? The book, The Great Gatsby, is a historical fiction novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald which was published on April 10, 1925. This novel was set right after World War I and this period of time was called the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age, a time filled with dramatic social and political change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gatsbys Life Tragedy" essay for you Create order The 1920s was a time where women gained more rights, Americans had more money, and people were freer to do the things they wanted to do. This novel is set in the year of 1922 and it is about a poor man, Gatsby, who falls in love with rich girl, Daisy, and then spends the rest of his life trying to get rich to impress her, but no matter how rich he became or how many lavish parties he had thrown, he was unfortunately never good enough for her. He then later he dies utterly alone, having almost no one to care to for him. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the Greek tragic cycle to show that Gatsby represents a tragic hero. According to Aristotle, the stages of the tragic cycle are ate, nemesis, anagoreasis, and peripeteia. Gatsby came up with some tragic realizations, unfortunately, he realized these anagnorisis,tragic realizations, too late and ended up getting punished and this made him a tragic hero instead of an epic one. Fitzgerald uses nemesis and anagnorisis to show that Gatsby was a tragic hero. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby experiences nemesis many times towards the end of the book. Nemesis is a punishment that a person cannot avoid, and it usually occurs as a result of his/her arrogance. According to Aristotle, nemesis causes the heros downfall which in this case is Gatsbys death. Gatsby really felt the punishment on that long hot summer day when everyone decided to go to the city, so everyone goes to the city and they ended in some New York hotel. And at this point Tom found out about Daisys affair with Gatsby, so he decides to show Daisy the real Gatsby. At first, Gatsby didnt care that Tom was trying to expose him because he was too focused on getting Daisy to confess her love for him to Tom. But then when the tensions were raised in the room and Gatsby told Tom that Daisy only loved him, Gatsby, , Daisy said with perceptible reluctance, I never loved him. Not at Kapiolani? demanded Tom suddenly. No. Not that day I carried you down from the Punch Bowl to keep your shoe dr y? There was a husky tenderness in his tone Daisy?(Fitzgerald 117). Gatsby was so desperate for Daisys love that he even tried to make her confess her love to Tom. He was taking extreme measures to confirm that Daisy wanted him and not Tom. Jay Gatsby felt superior to Tom because he truly believed that the girl was his and not Toms, but when Daisy said that she never really loved Tom; Gatsby felt that he was even more greater than god. He really shouldnt have done this because his nemesis came right afterward. Fitzgerald used this quote to teach the reader how quickly nemesis could take over your life because right after Daisy said that she never liked Tom and while Gatsby was having his few seconds of victory; Daisy cried to Gatsby, Oh, you want too much! I love you now isnt that enough? I cant help whats past. She began to sob helplessly. I did love him once but I loved you too. Gatsbys eyes opened and closed . You loved me too? he repeated.(Fitzgerald 117-118). When Daisy said this to Gatsby, his dream shattered. The situation had completely turned around and the opposite of what he anticipated had just occurred. Now what used to seem to be in Gatsbys command was no longer in his control. Daisy and Gatsbys relationship was really one sided because on one hand Gatsby was utterly obsessed with Daisy and has been for the past five years, while on the other hand Daisy seemed unsure of who she loved until the very end and she had moved on with her life after she met Gatsby five years earlier. Gatsby waited for Daisy fora long time, but because he was living in the past and only thinking about how he had good times then, he ruined his future by losing the past five years of his life doing nothing but trying to get Daisy back. After Daisy claimed that she supposedly loved both Tom and Gatsby, Tom continued to confront Gatsby and he then revealed that Gatsby was doing some illegal stuff, which gave Daisy a reason to not choose Gatsby and choose Tom instead. Chaos arose and Daisy was sick of the yelling so she said, Please, Tom! I cant stand this anymore.(Fitzgerald 119). When Gatsby arrived at the hotel, he was so confident that Daisy would chose him over Tom and that things would go back to the way they were a few years back when they first met. But, now it was like his confidence had been stomped on and the power he used to have had now all gone to Tom. Gatsby made a mistake of trying to put back things that dont belong there anymore; and unfortunately he never learned from his mistake, even after all the warnings that he received. The biggest punishment the Gatsby could have ever received was Daisy admitting to liking Gatsby and then choosing Tom in the end. Fitzgerald uses nemesis to show that Kosmos was punishing Gatsby due to his arrogance of living in the past One way that Fitzgerald showed that Gatsby was a tragic hero was by making the character have anagnorisis. In the beginning of the story when Nick first met Gatsby, Gatsby asked Jordan to tell Nick the love story between Gatsby and Daisy the occurred five years before and ask him if could arrange a sort of reunion between the two of them. Nick happily agrees to help. When Daisy does show up, Gatsby ends up knocking over Nicks mantle clock, but luckily, the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the the pressure of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in place. Then he sat down, rigidly, his elbow on the arm of the sofa and his chin in his hand. (Fitzgerald 83). This clock represents time lost with Daisy and Gatsbys attempt to making the time up with her. The clock also is trying to tell us that time will be lost if you try to make up for the time that you lost with someone. No matter how much you try the things that used to be in your life will have moved on and the only way that you will be able to be happy is if you move on too and accept the way that things are right now. Gatsby didnt learn this lesson fast enough because he spent a chunk of his life trying to get back someone that he never really had. Another example of anagnorisis was later on in the day when Gatsby invites Nick and Daisy over to his house where Daisy points out that her house is right across the bay from Gatsbys. Gatsby then talks about the green light on Daisys dock and how it meant something to him, butnow it was again a green light on a dock. [And] his count of enchanted objects had diminished by one. (Fitzgerald 88). The disappearance of the meaning of the green light gives of a very sad mood. Gatsby was so used to thinking that he was so close to Daisy, that when he was finally with Daisy it was hard to let go of the concept of the green light. The green light represented all that he had once had and all that he will soon have again. Gatsbys tragic realization was that he had dreaming about being with daisy for so long that he had totally forgotten how she actually was because in his dream he pictured everything about her to be perfect and enchanted but really in real life she was a self absorbed person tha t never really cared what happened to other people. Another example of anagnorisis was when Nick told Gatsby that he, ought to go away,(Fitzgerald 129). Gatsby knew on the inside that he should go but he still stayed because he still had a little hope that Daisy would call him and they would run away together. If he hadnt done this maybe he could have ended up as epic hero instead of a tragic one. Fitzgerald used nemesis and anagnorisis show that Gatsby was a tragic hero. The author was trying to tell the reader not to get stuck in the past and to live in the future to be successful. Tis idea matters because it is idea that has been there for a long time and many people that the idea is very true.

How Shaping Is An Applied Behavioral Analysis Technique

Shaping is an applied behavioral analysis technique that can be used to teach new behavior or elicit a desired target behavioral response in both human and nonhuman animals. Defined as a systematic process of reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior, shaping is especially useful for behaviors that are difficult to learn by instruction, imitation, and verbal or physical cues (Alberto and Troutman, 2013, p. 294). The general rules of shaping dictate that behavior must occur prior to being reinforced, and also must be differentially reinforced until a predetermined terminal criterion is reached (Athens, Vollmer, and St. Peter Pipkin, 2007). According to Domjan (2014), successful shaping of behavior is comprised of three components: 1) defining the final target behavior to be performed; 2) assessing the starting level of performance in order to determine how far it is between the initial and target behaviors; and 3) dividing the progression toward the final target behavior into a series of gradual steps (e.g., successive approximations) that form a training plan (Domjan, 2014, p. 129). In addition, there are two complementary tactics that must be used during the execution of the training plan: 1) reinforcement of successive approximations to the final behavior; and 2) withholding reinforcement for earlier response forms (p. 129). The American psychologist B.F. 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Anatomy And Physiology Of The Affected System Free Essays

The powerful heart muscle requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood to nourish it. The coronary arteries provide the heart with this critical circulatory 24/7 blood supply. Without adequate and consistent blood, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and vital nutrients it requires to work properly and efficiently. We will write a custom essay sample on Anatomy And Physiology Of The Affected System or any similar topic only for you Order Now   Coronary artery disease or Atherosclerosis occurs when the arteries become clogged and narrowed, restricting blood flow to the heart. (Heart Attack, 2006)   â€Å"The main myocardial infarction causal effects under investigation include blood pressure, hypertension, the use of antihypertensive and/or cardiovascular medication and angina pectoris.† (Caroline B. Ameling et al. 2002, p. 307) Pathology Of The Disease The arteries leading to the heart become narrow and blood cannot flow consistently and evenly. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes and irregular shapes. The plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside. When the plaque’s deposits harden, the outer shell cracks (plaque rupture) and platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood that aid clotting) arrive at the heart area, and blood clots form around the plaque. When the blood clot completely blocks or inhibits the artery, the heart muscle and tissue is rapidly depleted of oxygen. Within a short time, damage of the heart muscle cells occurs, causing permanent impairment. The end result, in medical terms is a myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack.   â€Å"While it is unusual, a heart attack can also be caused by a spasm of a coronary artery. During coronary spasm, the coronary arteries restrict or spasm on and off, reducing blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia).† (Heart Attack, 2006) Current Treatment Options Immediate treatment options include supplemental oxygen therapy, however it is the only form of treatment that improves survival in hypoxemic patients, no clear relationship exists between improved survival and reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with oxygen therapy. (Susan Wilansky et al. 2002, p. 629)   Individuals with angina or chronic chest pains can take nitroglycerin pills to cause the pain to disappear. Because angina patients often have chest pains, the key heart attack symptoms may be lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath, in addition to chest pain. (Christopher Wanjek, 2003, p. 242) For long term treatment at a hospital, individuals are taken to the cardiac catheterization lab where a doctor will evaluate the coronary arteries to determine whether angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery is appropriate. Patient Education The traditional approach to patient education interventions requires a health educator to meet with patients individually or to provide lectures. Some educational approaches appear to be cost-effective has shown that education programs emphasizing self-management of one’s health and prevention strategies are effective in increasing patients’ self-efficacy and health status. â€Å"Therefore it appears important to measure any changes in self-efficacy and helplessness that may result from either education and/or social support interventions. Such measures make it possible to evaluate the sense of control over health decisions and outcomes that has been associated with health status and health care costs.† (Terry A. Cronan et al. 2000, p. 455) Community referral sources American College of Cardiology, 9111 Old Georgetown Road Bethesda, MD   20814-699 Phone:   1-800-253-4636, extension 694 WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women With Heart Disease 818 18th Street, N.W. Suite 230 Washington, DC   20006 Phone:   (202) 728-7199 American Heart Association (AHA)   7272 Greenville Avenue Dallas, TX   75231 Phone:   1-800-AHA-USA1 (1-800-242-8721) Web Address:   http://www.americanheart.org Prevention Tension and anxiety were found to be good predictors of disease and mortality even when other risk factors were controlled. More recently, it has been prospectively shown that earlier measures of anxiety were significantly related to the development of atherosclerosis disease. (Stanley Chin et al. 2004, p. 63) Preventive life choice behavior modification includes stop smoking, controlling cholesterol through a healthy diet, managing blood pressure with exercise, relaxing and reducing stress by managing depression and anger. Reference(s) Caroline B. Ameling, Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Augustinus E.M. De Hollander, Hanneke Kruize, Brigit A.M. Staatsen, Elise E.M.M. Van Kempen, 2002, The Association between Noise Exposure and Blood Pressure and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Journal Title: Environmental Health Perspectives. Volume: 110. Issue: 3. Publication Year:. Page Number: 307+. COPYRIGHT 2002 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; http://www.webmd.com/hw/heart_disease/tx2300-ConRes.asp   Heart Attack and Unstable Angina Retrieved December 28, 2006 Jiang He, Gail T. Louis, Paul K. Whelton, 2003, Lifestyle Modification for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension. Publisher: Marcel Dekker. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 278. Susan Wilansky, James T. Willerson, 2002, Heart Disease in Women. Publisher: Churchill Livingstone. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 629. Christopher Wanjek, 2003, Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O. Publisher: Wiley. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 242. Terry A. Cronan, Erik J. Groessl, 2000, A Cost Analysis of Self-Management Programs for People with Chronic Illness Journal Title: American Journal of Community Psychology. Volume: 28. Issue: 4. Page Number: 455. COPYRIGHT 2000 Plenum Publishing Corporation; How to cite Anatomy And Physiology Of The Affected System, Essay examples

Evaluating a Play The Trial by Franz Kafka Essay Example For Students

Evaluating a Play The Trial by Franz Kafka Essay Recently, I have been to watch a play on the 28th March in South Hill Park arts centre, Bracknell. This play was written by Franz Kafka and published by Steven Berkoff in 1981. Themes in the play included love, fear and depression. Franz Kafka had a lot of bad experiences in his life, this was surrounded by over anxiety and depression, and this was a main aspect if not the main aspect of the play, as Joseph K had over anxiety. Steven Berkoff specialised in mime and this was reflective in the stylised movements in the play. The play is about a man called Joseph K; he is unfairly accused and arrested because of a crime he did not commit. Two men are sent to his home supposedly as guards for him, however, his rooms are searched, his clothes are confiscated and he is physically abused, with no charge. An inspector later appears and K demands an explanation but none is given. The type of theatre of this play was physical theatre; this is when a performance story tells, primarily through physical means, this includes Mime, Contemporary Dance, Clowning, Physical Comedy, and Theatrical Acrobatics We will write a custom essay on Evaluating a Play The Trial by Franz Kafka specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The chorus was a main part of the play and it was effective because it portrayed characters emotions and thoughts brilliantly, the actors showed the audience what Joseph K’s thoughts were throughout the play very well, this was effective as it enabled the audience to empathise with the character at times when he was in despair, such as the time of the arrest and the anxiety he was feeling. The actors would also sing as a chorus, this was effective for showing mood at different stages, setting the scene and it used to work in conjunction with the lighting which was effective as it created different atmospheres in different situations, a good example of this was when the priest was introduced into the play, he was standing on what looked like a pulpit, the lights were very dark and this was reflective of the priests tone of voice, it created a dark atmosphere. Also when the characters were not involved in the scene, they would create noises or they would always be doing somethin g related to the scene, i.e. making noises to create tension or suspense, this had a good effect on the audience, as it helped them to understand the scene better and the suspense that was created sometimes engaged the audience. Moreover, another main part of the play was the use of stylised movement; this was used throughout the play with the exaggerated movements taking place whilst telling a story. The actors over exaggerated in their movements in places like where Joseph went to meet Titorelli and the paintings were brought to life, also when Joseph was talking to Block about his trial, a lot of the movements were very stylised, this was unusual to me but it had a great effect on me and the audience as points were brought across clearly and precisely, this helped the audience to also understand the play better. As the play was comedic in some parts, this type of movement contributed to this and it was very amusing at some stages. Furthermore, another brilliant part of the play was the way the scene would change just by using simple block structures, usually scene changes are a bit where the audience has to wait, but even this was entertaining in the Trial, as they made it part of the play and it contributed to my understanding of the play. The simple ways in which the blocks were moved was very helpful, but it was also enjoyable to see in the ways which they moved it to make it relevant to the next scene. An example I can put forward is when the block was laid out ready for Joseph to get into bed. Also, the singing involved in between the set changes were very powerful and effective because it kept the audience engaged and interested throughout, it was still entertaining to see the play throughout the set changes and I think this is the most important thing that the actors were trying to do. .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b , .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .postImageUrl , .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b , .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:hover , .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:visited , .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:active { border:0!important; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:active , .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93252ca2835958fd723b9c3bde5ef80b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prologue why does the play keep its audience enthralled to the end? EssayAnother interesting thing about the play, was the fact that the actors had the ability to play multiple parts well and effectively, a great example of this was the way Block turned into Titorelli and his body language, movement, tone of voice all changed effectively, for someone who knew nothing about the characters could easily tell that his character had changed, this was effective because the actors were so good at changing characters, the story was easily told and the audience didn’t get confused. The fact that they were all apart of a chorus, but then had their own individual characters were very effective as it helped the actors to show what they can do and their acting and physical ability was displayed brilliantly. Another example of an excellent character change was Mrs. Grubach to the Laundress, the Laundress was trying to flirt with K and this was shown by her tone of voice with her singing, the way she would sing showed the audience that she put Joseph under a spell almost, and this was effective as it showed the audience that the character had changed. In addition, characters also went from using humour and being funny to being serious immediately, this had a great effect on the audience as it tried to get a reaction out of them by seeing how they would understand the quick change in emotions. Comedy was over exaggerated through large amounts of the play an example of this was the whipper and his movements and facial expressions brought a lot of humour. In conclusion, I believe that the performance was brilliant and it was very effective, from the stylised movements to the scene changes, the un ordinary aspects of the play made it effective because it exposed the audience to things they may never have seen before, also I believe it was effective because the audience could feel engaged throughout the play. The only aspect I would say that could be improved of this play was some aspects of Joseph K’s character he came across as a very pompous man, he looked down on other characters and at times thought he was above everybody else, he seemed very arrogant and by the end of the play I found it very hard to sympathise with him when he got murdered, perhaps this is what the director wanted to achieve if so, I believe it could be more effective if he was portrayed as a more innocent character.

Power Of People Essays - Medical Ethics, Euthanasia, Nonviolence

Power of People There are times throughout the history of the United States when it's citizens have felt the need to revolt against the government. One way they might revolt against the government is to disregard the law peacefully. There was such a case during the time of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., when there was unfair discrimination against the African American community. They used peaceful protests to eventually get legislation passed to stop the injustice brought against them. Another name for this is called civil disobedience. A more recent case of civil disobedience involves Dr. Jack Kevorkian who is an activist for the right to die. Dr. Kevorkian believes that a person should not have to go through the pain of being kept alive by machines. There are times when a person can no longer handle such things as terminal illness. Dr. Kevorkian breaks the law openly for what he believes in knowing fully of the consequences. In an article out of a May 9th, 1996 edition of The Sacramento Bee reads that "Kevorkian attends another suicide", tells about Dr. Jack Kevorkian attending another assisted death during a recess in his current trial. Austin Bastable, a Canadian right-to-die activist who had multiple sclerosis killed himself May 6th with the help of Dr. Kevorkian who reportedly gave Bastable the mask and carbon monoxide canister. Bastable felt that his death was for the fight of freedom to have the right to die under such conditions as his. In the article it tells us that hours early that same day he testified in his assisted-suicide trial in the deaths of two women in 1991. Michael Modelski, a former prosecutor said "It's an in-your-face kind of thing", He also goes on to say "It's par to the course. He's a loose cannon". Modelski feels Dr. Kevorkian shows no respect for the law. This is the 28th assisted-suicide Dr. Kevorkian has attended since 1990. He is currently on trial for the two assisted-suicides of two women in 1991. The article also reads that some assisted-suicide supporters were taken back by his actions. State Senator Jim Berryman said he finds Dr. Kevorkian's methods offensive. He also said "He really continues to flaunt this in the face of the Legislature". Berryman feels that the focus is more on Dr. Kevorkian rather than the cause of death with dignity. The Judge of the case has ordered the jury in Dr. Kevorkian's trial not to read or listen to news accounts of the case. If there are any jurors indicating that they have heard any of the latest new they would be removed because of the influence it might have on them. There are four alternate jurors and the article reads if the count falls below the 12 members there could be a mistrial. If the jurors get a hold of the news it could influence them by giving them the feeling tha! t Dr. Kevorkian has no respect for the law. It also might be seen as a man with strong beliefs who does the right no matter what the law. In Henry David Thoreau's "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience", he tells us that he refused to pay poll taxes and he was once sent to jail for not paying his taxes. He believed strongly that he should not have to pay these taxes and would rather end up in jail then go against his will. A certain passage shows how strong he felt when he said "Your money our you life," why should I haste to give it my money? (Thoreau). Thoreau's strong beliefs are seen in what he did and Dr. Kevorkian's case is very similar to what Thoreau does in breaking the law. Dr. Martin Luther King used peaceful sit-ins and rallies to unite the black community. This was a very effective way of showing that they would not stand for the unjust discrimination. They used methods such as banning the busses and instead walked. The busses could not afford to go without their business and this hurt them enormously. Such protests as these caused the passing of legislation that gave equal rights to all. King protested without breaking the law such as Dr. Kevorkian does. Dr. Kevorkian breaks the

Noras Transformation (From child to woman) essays

Nora's Transformation (From child to woman) essays The play entitled A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, deals with the issue of a womans role in society. More specifically, the subordinate role women play in comparison to that of their husbands. Women, at that time, were mainly given the impression that one should support her husband through whatever decisions he chooses to make. As well, women should be sympathetic, comforting, and obedient towards their husbands. During act one, the main character, Nora Helmer, possesses theses qualities as a woman, a wife, a mother, and a companion. She later opens her eyes to the world; seeing her life in a completely different light and becomes curious, as she sets goals for herself, trying to seek purpose in life. In a sense, Nora goes from being an oblivious, innocent child, transformed into a curious woman. She comes to the realization that she needs to experience and learn things for herself and can no longer depend on others (namely men) to spoon feed her whatever information they see is neede d to know by a woman. The concept of Nora having a rather childlike air about her at the beginning of the play is supported through her acts of disobedience and indecisiveness. Like a child, Nora is told by her husband that she is forbidden to eat macaroons. After commenting on how Nora looks rather uneasy today, he then demands for her to look him straight in the face and proceeds to badger her into responding as to whether or not she has been going against his rules and had eaten a macaroon. Hasnt Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today?(4) What could have shown signs of a strong and independent woman, would have been if she had been completely honest with Torvald, her husband, and admitted to having eaten a sweet. But rather, not only is she disobedient, Nora also lies to her husband, attempting to cover up the bad thing she has done. Just as a child would do i...

Why US should keep sugar quotas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why US should keep sugar quotas - Essay Example This agreement came to benefit most countries, as they could readily export their sugar to the US where sugar price was higher than in the world market. When sugar from other countries flooded the US market, the availability was higher than the demand and the result was a drastic fall in the prices of sugar. To redress the situation, the government had to intervene to reduce the quotas to be imported from each country. Taking such a measure was to protect the sugar industry as well as the farmers and producers of sugar. The government also ensured that if sugar falls below a set price per pound, it would by the sugar so that farmers are guaranteed a minimum price. With the NAFTA agreement reached in 19942, there have been a number of analyses to show that if care is not taking, then the US would witness dumping in the sugar market. Particularly worrying about this is issue is Mexico. It has been shown that as trade barriers fell with the creation of the NAFTA, U.S. exports of high-fructose corn syrup would flow into Mexico, and soft-drink makers in Mexico would start using high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener instead of sugar.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Leadership - Essay Example Motivation is another crucial aspect of a good leader because a motivated worker displays more enthusiasm to work along with superior performance and excellence. A motivated worker is more involved with the task (Mayer, 2008). A good leader must possess ideal character. It is significant that a leader is reliable for leading the employees to the right path. True leadership ability comes from esteem for the good personality and honesty of the individual who leads others (White, 2011). A good leader is passionate about the task and the part as a leader. People can only react frankly to an individual who has passion and enthusiasm. It is an essential characteristic of good leaders as they are regarded to be the basis of encouragement and be motivators toward the necessary achievement or cause (White, 2011). A good leader is always positive about his work and his position as a leader. In order to guide and set course, confidence is vital for a good leader. A confident person can motivate other subordinates and draws out the faith and greatest efforts from the team to perform any job well. A leader who successfully expresses confidence towards the planned objectives inspires the team members to put absolute effort for completing a task (White, 2011). A good leader always thinks logically by keeping the main organisational objectives in mind. He/she views a condition as a whole, but also is competent to split it down into sub-elements for faster assessment. Leader divides the controllable measures and steps forward towards the organisational goals (White, 2011). A good leader is committed to excellence. He /she not only uphold high standards, but also are positive in elevating the bar for accomplishing excellence in every field. A leader requires acting in a logical and focused way in situations of ambiguity. Subordinates always search for guidance of leader throughout the period of doubt and unfamiliarity and find encouragement and safety when the

In what way does the Aeneid fulfill its aim to provide the Romans with Essay

In what way does the Aeneid fulfill its aim to provide the Romans with a national epic - Essay Example It shall be argued that, far from being a strictly literary work, Aeneid was an integral part of Augustan project of rebuilding Roman national identity, with apparent focus going from Republican virtues to the notion of divine predestination of Romans to rule the world and to the idea of divine mission of Julian dynasty as heirs to Aeneas. In this work, I will use three main sources. The first one, Epic and empire: Politics and generic form from Virgil to Milton, is a book by Quint (1993) that examines the influences of epic poems on state ideologies. Focusing on Aeneid, in particular, Quint (1993) observes that it was used to enshrine the autocratic rule of Julio-Claudian emperors, starting from Caesar Augustus himself, and that the political character of Aeneid signified the final politicization of heroic epics that began with Alexander’s appropriation of image of Achilles (Quint, 1993, p. 8). The second source, Virgil's gaze: Nation and poetry in the Aeneid, authored by Ree d (2007), explores Aeneid from the standpoint of its character as a form of Roman foundational myth, itself appropriated from Hellenistic culture.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethernet

Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethernet A 10Base2, or thin Ethernet, network uses thin 3/16-inch coaxial cable (with 50-ohm) impedance for the network backbone. Thin coaxial cable is much easier to prepare and install than thick Ethernet cable which means transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100 meters and a maximum of 2 segments. 10Base5: 10Base5 uses thick coaxial cable. This version is the original Ethernet. It can operate at up to 10 Mbps and support cable segments of up to 500 meters which uses baseband signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100 meters per segment. It is also known as thick Ethernet or ThickNet. 10Base-T: 10BaseT is a baseband 802.3-based Ethernet network that uses unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable and a star topology. This version can operate at up to 10 Mbps which uses baseband signaling and twisted pair cabling. It is also known as twisted-pair Ethernet or UTP Ethernet. Features: 10BASE-T uses Manchester-encoding over two unshielded twisted-pair cables. The early implementations of 10BASE-T used Cat3 cabling. However, Cat5 or later cabling is typically used today. 10 Mbps Ethernet is considered to be classic Ethernet and uses a physical star topology. Ethernet 10BASE-T links could be up to 100 meters in length before requiring a hub or repeater. 10BASE-T uses two pairs of a four-pair cable and is terminated at each end with an 8-pin RJ-45 connector. The pair connected to pins 1 and 2 are used for transmitting and the pair connected to pins 3 and 6 are used for receiving. The figure shows the RJ45 pin out used with 10BASE-T Ethernet. 10BASE-T is generally not chosen for new LAN installations. However, there are still many 10BASE-T Ethernet networks in existence today. The replacement of hubs with switches in 10BASE-T networks has greatly increased the throughput available to these networks and has given Legacy Ethernet greater longevity. The 10BASE-T links connected to a switch can support either half-duplex or full-duplex operation. Advantages: Since each node on a 10 Base-T network has its own cable connecting it to a central hub, it is far less likely that any node can cause the entire network to fail. The hub also has a partitioning function built into it which allows it to detect a problem on any of its ports. If a problem is found, the node is disconnected from the rest of the network. This isolates the problem until the node can be troubleshot and repaired. Because of the partitioning function built in to the hubs and the star-wired topology, it is generally easy to troubleshoot a 10 Base-T network. In a worst-case scenario, one can be troubleshot by simply disconnecting nodes from the hub one at a time until the network recovers. Usually, the hub will give an indication as to which node is causing a problem, allowing the technician to troubleshoot that node as opposed to spending many hours finding where the problem is. Disadvantages: 10 Base-T only allows distances from the hub to the node of 100 meters. In some installations, this can be a major problem if nodes need to be located farther away. The nature of UTP cable makes it considerably more sensitive to electrical noise than coaxial cable. Generally, this rules 10 Base-T out as an option for installations on factory floor environments or other locations with a high ambient noise level. What are the different types of networking / internetworking devices? Explain the basic features of these devices. Following are the networking / internetworking devices with their basic features. Network Router: A network device, typically connected to a range of LAN and WAN interfaces, that forwards packets based on their destination IP address. Routers receives an incoming frame, discards the data-link header and trailer, makes a forwarding decision based on the destination IP address, adds a new data-link header and trailer based on the outgoing interface, and forwards the new frame out the outgoing interface. Network Repeater: A repeater is a physical layer device. It receives, amplifies (regenerates) and retransmits signals in both directions. As far as the software is concerned, a series of cable segments connected by repeaters is not different from a single cable (except by some delay introduced by repeaters). A system may contain multiple cable segments and multiple repeaters. But no two transceivers may be more than 2.5 km apart and no path between any two transceivers may be traverse more than four repeaters. Bridge: A bridge is a data link layer device which is used to connect multiple LANs. It examines the data link layer addresses to do routing. Since they are not supposed to examine the payload field of the frames they route, they can transport IPV4, IPV6, Apple Talk, ATM, OSI or any other kinds of packets. Gateway: A gateway can translate information between different network data formats or network architectures. Suppose a computer using the connection-oriented TCP/IP protocol needs to talk to a computer using the connection-oriented ATM transport protocol. The gateway can copy the packets from one connection to the other, reformatting them as need be. Switches: Switches are similar to bridges in that both route on frame addresses. In fact, many people use the terms interchangeably. The main difference is that a switch is most often used to connect individual computers. As a consequence, when a computer wants to send a frame to another the bridge gets the frame but just discards it. But the switch must actively forward the frame to other because there is no other way for the frame to get there. What is the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses? Evaluate each class of logical addresses. There are five IP address classes, following table show each class and the range of addresses. Class Beginning Address Ending Address A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 In Class A through Class E. each is used with a different type of network. The address classes reflect the size of the network, and whether the packet is unicast or multicast. In the unicast method of transmission, one copy of each packet is sent to each target destination. If there are eight workstations designated to receive a packet, such as a portion of a video clip, then it is transmitted eight times. In the multicast method, the recipients are placed in a group, such a group of all eight workstations. Only one packet is sent to the group, via a router or switch, which then packet to each group members. Class A is used for the largest networks composed of up to 16,777,216 nodes. Class A networks are identified by a value between 1 and 126 in the first position of the dotted decimal address. The network ID is the first 8 bits and the host ID is the last 24 bits. Class B is for medium-sized network composed of up to 65,536 nodes and it is identified by the first octet of bits ranging from decimal 128 to 191. The first two octets are the network ID, and the last two are the host ID. Class C addresses are used for network communication on small networks of 256 nodes or less. The first octet translates to a decimal value in the range of 192 to 223 and the network ID is contained in first 24 bits, while the host ID is contained in the last 8 bits. Class D addresses do not reflect the network size, only that the communication is a multicast. Unlike Classes A through C, the four octets are used to specify a group of nodes to receive the multicast, which consists of those nodes that are multicast subscription members. Class E is used for experimentation and address range from 240 to 239.255.255.255 in the first octet. Task 2 What is Bandwidth? Explain the other factors for network communications. Network bandwidth is the measure of the data carrying capacity of the network. When simultaneous communications are attempted across the network, the demand for network bandwidth can exceed its availability. The obvious fix for this situation is to increase the amount of available bandwidth. But, because of the previously stated constraints, this is not always possible. In most cases, when the volume of packets is greater than what can be transported across the network, devices queue the packets in memory until resources become available to transmit them. Queuing packets causes delay. If the number of packets to be queued continues to increase, the memory queues fill up and packets are dropped. The characteristics of the information being communicated also affect its management. For example, the delivery of a movie uses a relatively large amount of network resources when it is delivered continuously without interruption. Other types of service e-mail, for example are not nearly as demanding on the network. In one company, an administrator might decide to allocate the greatest share of the network resources to the movie, believing that this is the priority for his customers. This administrator may decide that the impact will be minimal if e-mail users have to wait a few additional seconds for their e-mail to arrive. In another company, the quality of a video stream is not as important as critical process control information that operates the manufacturing machinery. What is Physical address and what is the difference between Physical address and Logical address? Explain it in detail. The Physical address is specific on the local network and it represents the address of the end device on the physical media. In an Ethernet using LAN, this address is also called as Media Access Control address. On the local Ethernet network, when two end devices communicate, the frames that are exchanged between them contain the destination and source Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. It is in hexadecimal notation assigned by manufacturer. This address is much like postal address because it enables communication to be sent to specific destination. Physical address is 48-bit address burned into the ROM of the NIC card which is a Layer 1 device of the OSI model. This is divided into 24-bit vendor code and 24-bit serial address. This is unique for each system and cannot be changed. While the logical address is a 32- bit address assigned to each system in a network. This works in Layer3 of OSI Model which is generally called IP address. What is the difference between Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices? Describe it according to the Layers features. OSI model have 7 layers which perform many different functions. Every layer has its own unique features and function and a device which help the layers to work properly. Layer 1 is called Physical layer which consists of hardware, developed by engineers, in the form of electronic circuitry, media, and connectors. Therefore, it is appropriate that the standards governing this hardware are defined by the relevant electrical and communications engineering organizations. By comparison, the protocols and operations of the upper OSI layers are performed by software and are designed by software engineers and computer scientists. As we saw in a previous chapter, the services and protocols in the TCP/IP suite are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFCs. Hardware components such as network adapters (NICs), interfaces and connectors, cable materials, and cable designs are all specified in standards associated with the Physical layer. Layer 2 is called Data Link layer and its services and specifications are defined by multiple standards based on a variety of technologies and media to which the protocols are applied. Some of these standards integrate both Layer 2 and Layer 1 services. A hub is an example of a layer 2 device. Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Router is the Layer 3 device. The role of the router is to select paths for and direct packets toward their destination. This process is known as routing. During the routing through an internetwork, the packet may traverse many intermediary devices. Each route that a packet takes to reach the next device is called a hop. As the packet is forwarded, its contents (the Transport layer PDU), remain intact until the destination host is reached. Task 3 Explain 7 OSI layers briefly and define Router, Switch, and Bridge. Explain about encryption decryption. OSI Layers: The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model was initially designed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that provides a framework on which to build a suite of open systems protocols. The objective was that this set of protocols would be used to develop an independent international network that would not be dependent on proprietary systems. Unfortunately, due to the rate at which it expanded, and the speed at which the TCP/IP based Internet was adopted, the OSI Protocol Suite development and acceptance lagged behind. Although few of the protocols, which are in widespread use today, are developed by using the OSI specifications, the major contribution has been made by the seven-layer OSI model in the development of other products and protocols for all types of new networks. The OSI model provides an extensive list of functions and services as a reference model that can occur at each layer. It also depicts the interaction of each layer with the directly above and below layers. No. Layer Name Description 7 Application Performs services for the applications used by the end users. 6 Presentation Perform data format information to the application. For example, the presentation layer tells the application layer whether there is encryption or whether it is s .jgp picture. 5 Session Manages sessions between users. For example, the session layer will synchronize multiple web sessions and voice and video data in web conferences. 4 Transport Defines data segments and numbers them at the source, transfers the data and reasonable the data at the destination. 3 Network Creates and addresses packets for end-to-end delivery through intermediary devices in other networks. 2 Data Link Creates and addresses frames for host-to-host delivery on the local LANs and between WAN devices. 1 Physical Transmits binary data over media between devices. Physical layer protocols define media specifications. Router: A network device, connected to a range of WAN and LAN interfaces that sends packets according to their destination IP address. Routers acquires an incoming frame, puts away the data-link header and trailer, makes a forwarding decision based on the destination IP address, adds a new data-link header and trailer based on the outgoing interface, and forwards the new frame out the outgoing interface. Switch: Switches are similar to bridges in that both route on frame addresses. In fact, many people use the terms interchangeably. The main dissimilarity is that a switch is commonly used to connect one-on-one computers. As a consequence, when a computer wants to send a frame to another the bridge gets the frame but just discards it. But the switch must actively forward the frame to other because there is no other way for the frame to get there. Bridge: A bridge is a data link layer device which is used to connect multiple LANs. It examines the data link layer addresses to do routing. Since they are not supposed to examine the payload field of the frames they route, they can transport IPV4, IPV6, Apple Talk, ATM, OSI or any other kinds of packets. Encryption: The process of obscuring information to make to unreadable without special knowledge, sometimes referred to as scrambling. The process takes the data to be encrypted and applies a mathematical formula to it along with a secret number (called an encryption key). The resulting value, which is called an encryption packet, is sent through a network. Decryption: It is the process of decoding data the back to its original form by giving that encryption key.